NOS2 and colitis: In the second study, treatment with bergenin, a polyphenolic compound, classified as a C glycoside derived from 4-O-methyl gallic acid, in rats with TNBS-induced colitis alleviated colonic macroscopic and microscopic damage, decreased neutrophilic infiltration, as well as colonic COX- 2 and iNOS expression and IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels, by modulation of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling and blockade of canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways.