PTGS2 and colitis: In the first paper, Marquez-Flores et al. [14] observed that a dietary apigenin enrichment decreased the macroscopic and microscopic signs of colitis, and reduced colonic PGE, COX-2 and iNOS expression as well as serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) levels in DSS mice, through the inhibition of both canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, through a decrease in caspase-1 and caspase-11 expression and activity.