Based on the above background, the present review article intents to provide an integrated and critical overview of the available clinical and experimental evidence about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of neurological, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, PD, AD, MS, depression, arthritis, and intestinal inflammation. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.