However, we observed that inhibition of PV volumetric enlargement by ATP6V0d2 knock-down did not interfere with parasite multiplication in either non-activated or IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages, suggesting that PV enlargement is not crucial for parasite intracellular multiplication and does not account for parasite persistence in NO-producing inflammatory macrophages, at least for a short 72-hour in vitro infection. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.