Specifically, many driver genes that are mutated in human T-ALL [39] are also recurrently altered in IM-induced T-ALL, including Notch1, Pten, Myb, and Ikzf1. Data from both species implicate deregulated transcriptional programs in disease initiation with subsequent Ras/PI3K and Notch pathway mutations cooperating in leukemic transformation [19, 26, 39]. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.