From the TCGA database, gene methylation biomarkers identified for the diagnosis of other tumors in the previous studies, and the distinct methylation genes identified during the conversion from human normal mammary epithelial cells to BC cells, we selected SFN (14-3-3σ), HOXA11, ARID1a, CBX7, DLC1, P16, RARβ, PCDHGB7, hMLH1, WNT5a, HOXD13, and RASSF1a, which represent a variety of different pathways that are involved in cancer (Supplemental Excel 3). Here, HOXD13 is linked to breast cancer.