Other syndromes also can cause cysts in the kidneys such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease, and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but these conditions are associated with other non‐cystic, characteristic features and have different molecular origins than ADPKD and ARPKD (Bonsib, 2009; Han & Criado, 2005). This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.