Since myofibroblasts secrete many factors, such as the IL-6 family of cytokines (which have been shown to play a role in tumour progression [23–25]), we performed qRT-PCR to analyse the expression of IL-6, IL-11 and LIF, the three main members of the IL-6 family, and of the α-SMA gene Acta2 in myofibroblasts differentiated from epidural ADSCs. Here, ACTA2 is linked to neoplasm.