To date, 7 drugs targeting CTLA-4/PD-1 are approved for treatment of different types of cancers including melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, Merkel cell cancer, cervical cancer, hepatocellular cancer, gastric cancer, cutaneous squamous cell cancer, classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma (Table 1). Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung cancer.