Pathway analysis revealed that aberrantly expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in immune-related signaling pathway and tumor-related pathway, including cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, T cell receptor signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, ECM–receptor interaction (Fig. 1D). Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.