For example, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, TGF-β induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and increased the expression levels of the autophagy markers Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, ATG7 and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) [47]. The gene discussed is ATG5; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.