In support of the human literature showing elevated levels of mTOR, administration of rapamycin activates the translation inhibitor, 4E-BP1/2, which leads to prevention of apoptosis, enhancement of autophagy and protection against α-synuclein accumulation in in vitro and in vivo models of PD (Bockaert and Marin, 2015). Here, MTOR is linked to Parkinson disease.