VEGFA and neoplasm: Experimental evidence shows that malignant cell lines express β-adrenergic receptors and that sympathomimetic neurotransmitters may affect carcinogenesis through these receptors.[4–6] These neurotransmitters are suggested to have a major impact on secondary tumor growth and to contribute to metastasis, induction of angiogenesis mediated via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-6, and tissue invasion.[7–10]