TNF and diabetes mellitus: With the deterioration of renal function, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, among others) also show an increasing trend.[24] Overseas studies suggest that the level of the serum myocardial enzyme CK-MB, brain natriuretic peptide level, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors[25] for AKI in patients with AMI.