TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, elevated concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with asthma and elevated concentrations of plasma MCP-1 in patients with concurrent asthma and type 2 diabetes have been observed, and a relationship between these cytokines and asthma, including airway inflammation and remodeling, has been reported [37, 38].