In this study, recently low CD4+ cell count was the other risk factor identified and individuals with recent CD4+ cell count less than 350 cells/μL were 2.4 times more likely to have bacterial pneumonia compared to those who had CD4+cell counts ≥ 500 cells/μL, consistent with the study reported from United States [10] and France [31]. Here, CD4 is linked to bacterial pneumonia.