Accordingly, a lower expression of M1 macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)) and a higher expression of M2 macrophage-derived anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines were observed in COPD animals that received MSCs [72, 75, 82]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.