As a potent proangiogenic chemokine, IL-8 signaling induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor- (VEGF-) independent tumor angiogenesis: indeed, IL-8 stimulates endothelial cell migration and upregulates the two metallopeptidases MMP-2 and MMP-9 [44, 45]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.