A recent study from Zhao and colleagues showed the potential prognostic role of TGF-β: indeed, higher serum levels of TGF-β were detected in PDAC patients as compared to healthy patients or to benign pancreatic conditions; levels of TGF-β also identified pancreatic cancer stage (I-II versus III-IV) and correlated to the reduction of survival and poor prognosis [104]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.