VEGFA and clostridium difficile infection: Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a well-known cell response to hypoxic conditions induced by sepsis and LPS stimulation (Peyssonnaux et al., 2007; Werth et al., 2010; Textoris et al., 2012) and HIF1 signaling was proposed to mediate VEGFA induction during Clostridium difficile infection (Huang et al., 2019).