USP34 and gonorrhea: Our long-term proteomics studies found that the number of down-regulated proteins was much more than up-regulated proteins in different subtypes of NFPAs compared to control pituitaries (28), mRNA expressions of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2 and E3 were significantly increased in NFPAs (28), mRNA expression of ubiquitin specific protease 34 was significantly decreased in PAs (29), proteasome subunit alpha type 2 was nitrated in PAs (26), and the protein ubiquitination pathway was changed in NFPAs (30).