In addition, exertion-related changes in the circulating levels of adipokines such as omentin and resistin have been proposed to mediate the cardiometabolic benefits of exercise, with the former enhancing glucose metabolism (Yang, 2006), and the latter – which has been reported to decrease in response to exercise (Prestes et al., 2009) – antagonizing insulin action and being associated with obesity (Steppan et al., 2001; Adeghate, 2004). The gene discussed is ITLN1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.