The possible mechanisms for Ang II to trigger AF involve alterations in gene regulation and intracellular signaling pathways during AF (Griendling et al., 2000; Kumagai et al., 2003; Gao and Dudley, 2009; Gramley et al., 2010; Christophersen et al., 2017; Roselli et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene AGT and atrial fibrillation.