Another autoimmune ailment that can lead to ESRD is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where defects in IL-2 production and Tregs have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis (Mizui and Tsokos, 2016), and IL-2-based approaches to enhance Tregs have been shown to be beneficial for SLE but not for lupus nephritis (He et al., 2016; von Spee-Mayer et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and lupus nephritis.