TLR4 and Sepsis: Zhang et al. (2014) recently indicated that PF can abrogate BPS-induced sepsis by decreasing the activity of TLR2 signaling pathways. We speculate, based on these observations, that PF can improve the inflammatory status in DN through inhibiting the TLR4 pathway. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PF is also associated with other signaling pathways (Shao et al., 2016; Li et al., 2018).