FMO5 and Cognitive impairment: Many studies have investigated ways to reduce the neurotoxicity of sevoflurane, such as the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, coenzyme Q10, dexmedetomidine, tanshinone IIA, erythropoietin, curcumin, and hydrogen gas, etc., which mitigate anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment (Yonamine et al., 2013; Liao et al., 2014; Pellegrini et al., 2014; Ji et al., 2015; Sun Z. et al., 2016; Perez-Zoghbi et al., 2017; Xia et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2017).