In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, high level of FOXO3a was found in the mitochondrial fraction of hippocampus (Caballero-Caballero et al., 2013), which indicates that FOXO3 may act as a target that affects neuronal apoptosis via modulation of ROS generation in brain pathologies including epilepsy. The gene discussed is FOXO3; the disease is temporal lobe epilepsy.