APLN and preeclampsia: This model was chosen based on the following characteristics: lower circulating levels of apelin, the expression of many features of human preeclampsia such as increased blood pressure at late pregnancy, intrauterine growth restriction, proteinuria, increased circulating sFlt and vasopressin, the presence of circulating agonistic antibodies to angiotensin II receptor 1, and glomerular endotheliosis versus Sprague Dawley rats (controls), and good reproducibility19–21.