Increased expression of PKC leads to activation of the transforming growthfactor-beta (TGF-β) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1),resulting in increased deposition of fibronectin, collagen types I and IV andextracellular matrix deposition, and consequently, renal hypertrophy,glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis.30 This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and renal fibrosis.