ATF4 and cancer: Oncogenic KRAS regulates amino acid homeostasis andcellular response to nutrient stress via the ATF4 target ASNS, which subsequentlycontributes to inhibition of apoptosis and increase in proliferation of cancer cells(Gwinn et al., 2018).While KRAS mutations are uncommon in HNSCC, particularly ascompared to HRAS (Rothenberg andEllisen, 2012), mutations in ASNS could effectively havethe same functional consequences.