BATF3 and infection: To rule out that the failure of BATF3-/- mice to recruit T-cells to, or activate them in the infected gastric mucosa was T-cell intrinsic, we adoptively transferred CD45.1+ cells that we had isolated from the spleens of H. pylori-infected donors into WT or BATF3-/- recipients that had been infected for four weeks with H. pylori. Although very few adoptively transferred cells could be re-isolated from the recipients after five days, their recruitment to the gastric mucosa appeared to be infection- and also somewhat BATF3-dependent (Fig 1H).