AIRE and graft versus host disease: We have reported previously that BATF3-/- mice, in contrast to their WT counterparts, are not protected against allergic airway inflammation upon H. pylori infection [29]; others have observed similar defects of BATF3-/- mice in models of pulmonary tolerization by inhaled antigen [49], of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [50], and of presentation of Aire-induced self-antigens to developing thymocytes [51].