These proteinaceous, primarily oligodendroglial inclusions were shown to be α-synuclein (α-syn)-immunoreactive approximately 20 years ago [4, 5], distinguishing MSA from Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and pure autonomic failure, which predominantly exhibit neuronal cytoplasmic and dendritic inclusions containing α-syn as the main component as well [6, 7]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.