Since the binding of pro-inflammatory cytokines—among them granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)—depends on myeloid abundance, significant neutrophil mortality in the peripheral blood during unremitting infection can result in increased circulation of free G-CSF to the bone marrow [19]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is infection.