During this progression to diabetes, intracellular proinsulin distribution that initially displayed a prominent juxtanuclear pattern with good co-localization to the Golgi region (GM130 Golgi marker) tended to shift towards a staining pattern that was more spread in the cytoplasm, with increased co-localization with the ER marker, calnexin (Figure 5—figure supplement 1); although even in the fully diabetic state there appeared to be increased juxtanuclear (Golgi-like) proinsulin distribution after overnight fasting (Figure 5—figure supplement 1). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.