The SP-D, YKL-40, and CCL18 levels were higher in patients with severe pneumonia than in patients with nonsevere pneumonia, and the levels of YKL-40 and CCL18 were lower in patients with CAP caused by atypical bacteria than in patients with CAP caused by extracellular bacteria, for example, S. pneumoniae. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is pneumonia.