PLAU and neoplasm: For example, Gurka et al. [43] developed high biosafety NPs based on mesoporous silica (MSNPs), loaded with ICG and gemcitabine, improving their specificity for pancreatic cancer by the addition of both chitosan (COS) targeting acidic tumor microenvironment and urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA) that binds to the UPA receptor (UPAR) on tumor cells.