VEGFA and cancer: Because of its role in tumour angiogenesis, VEGF has become an important target in cancer therapy and a number of anti-angiogenic inhibitors that block the VEGF pathway have been developed.8–10 These include those that target the VEGF ligand itself, such as bevacizumab, and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sunitinib, sorafenib, cediranib, nintedanib and pazopanib, which block VEGF receptor functions.10,11 As with many other cancer treatments, VEGF inhibitors, particularly TKIs, have been associated with cardiovascular toxicity.12–14