Based on studies using bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) samples, it has been documented that in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, the local microenvironment is characterized by a Th1/Th2 imbalance in which Th1-related cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) promote a persistent inflammatory response in the affected tissues [29]. Here, TNF is linked to pulmonary sarcoidosis.