Additionally, in 2016, the European Association of Urology (EAU)–European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO)–International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIGO) guidelines on PCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment strongly recommended testing PSA with a digital rectal examination (DRE) prior to prostate biopsies. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.