INS and Insulin resistance: RCTs and its meta-analyses showed a beneficial effect of whole grains compared with refined grains against CVD risk factors such as systolic and pulse blood pressure in healthy persons [71], diastolic blood pressure in overweight and obese adults [72], total and LDL cholesterol in healthy individuals [73], post-prandial blood glucose and insulin and the maximal glucose and insulin response in healthy subjects [74], post-prandial blood glucose and peripheral insulin resistance in obese adults [75], low-grade inflammation in overweight and obese subjects [76].