STAT3 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: IL-10 was shown to be upregulated in human ADPKD tissue and present in cyst fluid, and although this regulatory cytokine has anti-inflammatory functions, M2-phenotype requires IL-10 secretion by the macrophages and IL-10-stimulated activation of STAT3 is required for this pathological macrophage differentiation (44).