In addition, in HL-1 cells, inhibition of β-Catenin could block mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) induced upregulation of CX43 and improve cardiac transduction, indicating the MCSs could alleviate the incidence of arrhythmia by activating the canonical signaling pathway of Wnt/β-Catenin [36]. Here, GJA1 is linked to cardiac arrhythmia.