IL1B and inflammatory bowel disease: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α and TNF-like protein 1A: generation of Th1 and Th17 cells (191–194).  IL-23: promoting Th17 cell differentiation and NK cell activation (195–197).  NLRP3 inflammasome: promoting experimental IBD development (without detailed mechanisms) (198).