INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is believed that fat accumulation in the pancreatic islets would be responsible for, at least in part, the decreased insulin secretion of the second stage of type-2 diabetes, since ectopic fat deposits in the pancreas have been reported to cause β-cell dysfunction, both directly through lipotoxicity exerted by free fatty acids and indirectly through activation of inflammatory pathways (Le et al., 2011; Pezzilli and Calculli, 2014).