Systemic inflammation, podocyte injury, and proteinuria are features of CKD and in which ETA receptor activation plays a key role.13 All 3 have also been shown to increase tissue and circulating PCSK9 expression in mice.11,12 However, there was inconsistent evidence in these studies of a concurrent upregulation of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) and HNF1α (hepatic nuclear factor 1α), the principle promoters of PCSK9 expression. This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and chronic kidney disease.