PCSK9 and chronic kidney disease: Inhibition of circulating PCSK9 using novel humanized monoclonal antibodies leads to important reductions in LDL-C in patients on and off statins.9,10 Recent preclinical studies have shown that PCSK9 expression increases during systemic inflammation11 and with podocyte injury.12 Both are central features of CKD and contributed to by ET-1 (endothelin-1).13