CHEK1 and ovarian carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 3a, NEO212 induced higher level of phosphorylation of ATM at the Ser1981 site, and CHEK1 and CHEK2 at the Ser345 and Thr68 site respectively, as well as that of H2AFX at the Ser139 site compared with its individual constituents and their combination, suggesting that NEO212 can lead to a stronger DNA damage in ovarian cancer cells.