Although studies have demonstrated the tumor suppressive role of TGF-β during the early stages of tumor development, it switches to a tumor promoter during the advanced metastatic stages of cancer [57], including ATC [43], where it acts as a tumor-promoting factor associated with EMT induction, increased invasion, extrathyroid extension, and lymph node metastases [43]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.