NFKB1 and cancer: Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) not only activate the NF-κB signaling pathway but also are induced by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway [58,59], which results in a positive feedback-loop of amplification with sustained chronic activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in many different cells such as immune cells and cancer cells, eventually leading to pathological processes.