MTHFR and hyperhomocysteinemia: The complexity of the situation emphasizes the need for further investigation.Hyperhomocysteinemia, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, variations in folate pathway genes,vitamin B-complex deficiencies, hereditary thrombophilias, and autoimmune antibodyproduction are some factors that contribute to the etiology of UI (Deroux et al., 2017; Altmäe et al., 2010;Das et al., 2015; Hou et al., 2016; Enciso et al., 2016).