Given that at least five major phase 3 trials of molecular-targeted agents against advanced liver cancer have failed in the past decade43, the frequent overexpression of PRL3 in liver cancer patients (80%; Fig. 6a) highlights PRL3-zumab as a potentially valuable therapeutic option for HCC by fulfilling the unmet need for efficacious and well-tolerated targeted drugs to treat this morbid disease. Here, PTP4A3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.