Although unlimited tumor growth represents only one of the several tumor-promoting hallmarks57 and TGFβ treatment might positively regulate other oncogenic features in these cells (e.g., migration), the reduced expression of genes related to an unfavorable prognosis of PDAC patients in the presence of the cytokine suggests that active TGFβ signaling in primary tumor cells derived from NKC p48 mice retains tumor-suppressive functions. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.