TNF-α-induced small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification of CPAP is required for IκB kinase (IKK)-mediated NF-κB activation in HCC cell lines and promotes the growth of HCC cells, suggesting that CPAP is critical for the association between NF-κB and inflammation-related diseases, such as HCC [34]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.