GNAS and cardiovascular disorder: Although it is known that genetic variants in a region between GNAS and EDN3 are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease [52, 53], DNA methylation may not involve in expression of EDN3 in cell model of hepatic steatosis since hypermethylation and hypomethylation at the TSS of EDN3 by OA and ECB, respectively (Table 4), decreased expression of EDN3 (Fig 4D).